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Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025 (Abril Junio). 33 (2)
Valoración nutricional y económica de larvas de mosca soldado negra
(Hermetia illucens) en dietas de pollos de engorde
en un modelo comunitario
Recibido: 20250521. Revisado: 20250624. Aceptado: 20250729
1
Autor de correspondencia: lpmorenomo@unal.edu.co
2
Centro de Investigación de Artrópodos Terrestres – CINAT, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.
107
Laura Priscila Moreno
1,2
Nutritional and economic evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
larvae in broiler chicken diets in a communitybased model
Abstract. Poultry farming in Latin America faces growing challenges to ensure the sustainability of animal feed,
largely due to dependence on imported inputs such as soy and corn. In this context, the present study is part of
Insects for Peace, a scientificsocial initiative that promotes the sustainable use of insects in agrifood systems in the
Global South, with a territorial, communitybased and circular economy approach. The nutritional and economic
feasibility of including black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae in broiler chicken diets was evaluated in a rural
community in Guaviare, Colombia. Two experimental diets were designed with 15 % inclusion of fresh larvae,
replacing 10 % (MS10) and 20 % (MS20) of commercial feed during the finishing phase, and were compared to a 100 %
commercial control diet. Productive parameters (body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion, and carcass yield),
as well as costs associated with larvae production and diet formulation, were evaluated. The larvae showed a
favorable nutritional profile, with high levels of protein, lipids, and minerals. No significant differences were found
between treatments in zootechnical parameters, but the MS10 group showed the best costbenefit ratio. Additionally,
the community reported a 10 % reduction in feed use without affecting productive performance. These results support
the use of H. illucens as a functional, viable, and sustainable input for community poultry systems, with scaling
potential in Global South territories towards circular bioeconomy models and food selfsufficiency.
Keywords: Circular economy, edible insects, rural sustainability, bioconversion, alternative animal production,
food selfsufficiency.
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https://doi.org/10.53588/alpa.330204
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia,
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caHR/H2BX7LZIyZZ/+spyWwlE/orCeCScf8eW6VSqVQqlUqlUqlipD9ZhqjnJLDsXwAAAABJ
RU5ErkJggg==
Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.
Resumen. La avicultura en Latinoamérica enfrenta desafíos para garantizar la sostenibilidad de la alimentación
animal, en gran parte debido a la dependencia de insumos importados como soya y maíz. En este contexto, el
presente estudio se enmarca en Insectos por la Paz, una iniciativa científicosocial que impulsa el uso sostenible de
insectos en sistemas agroalimentarios del Sur Global, con enfoque territorial, comunitario y de economía circular. Se
evaluó la viabilidad nutricional y económica de incluir larvas de mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens) en dietas
para pollos de engorde en una comunidad rural del Guaviare, Colombia. Se diseñaron dos dietas experimentales
con 15 % de inclusión de larvas frescas, reemplazando el 10 % (MS10) y el 20 % (MS20) del concentrado comercial en
la
fase
de
finalización,
y
se
compararon
con
una
dieta
control
100
%
comercial.
Se
evaluaron
parámetros
productivos (peso corporal, ganancia diaria de peso, conversión alimenticia y rendimiento en canal), así como los
costos asociados a la producción de larvas y formulación de dietas. Las larvas presentaron un perfil nutricional
favorable, con altos niveles de proteína, lípidos y minerales. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre
tratamientos
en
los
parámetros
zootécnicos,
pero
el
grupo
MS10
mostró
la
mejor
relación
costobeneficio.
Adicionalmente, la comunidad reportó una reducción del 10 % en el uso de concentrado sin afectar el desempeño
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productivo. Estos resultados respaldan el uso de H. illucens como insumo funcional, viable y sostenible para
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Liliana Betancourt
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Katherine Y. Barragán – Fonseca
Karol B. BarragánFonseca
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Moreno et al.
Introducción
La
avicultura
representa
una
de
las
actividades
económicas
más
relevantes
para
la
seguridad
alimentaria y nutricional a nivel global. En Colombia,
constituye la principal fuente de proteína animal, con
un consumo per cápita de 35,7 kg de carne de pollo
(FENAVI,
2024).
No
obstante,
el
costo
de
la
alimentación puede alcanzar hasta el 70 % del total de
producción
(Jie
et
al.,
2024),
debido
a
la
fuerte
dependencia
del
maíz
y
la
harina
de
soya
como
principales fuentes de energía y proteína en las dietas
de los pollos de engorde (Anzules et al., 2012). Esta
dependencia convierte la alimentación en el factor más
determinante en la rentabilidad del sistema avícola.
Además, el aumento sostenido en los precios de estos
insumos, junto con su impacto ambiental, ha generado
un interés creciente en fuentes alternativas que sean
sostenibles,
económicamente
viables
y
disponibles
a
nivel local (Pinotti et al., 2019).
Los
sistemas
agrícolas
convencionales
también
enfrentan
críticas
por
su
huella
ambiental:
alto
consumo de agua y suelo, degradación de ecosistemas,
y emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (Poveda,
2021). La agricultura intensiva basada en monocultivos
y
fertilizantes
de
origen
fósil
ha
contribuido
a
la
pérdida de biodiversidad y al cambio climático, lo que
ha impulsado la búsqueda de soluciones basadas en
principios de agroecología y economía circular para
mejorar la resiliencia y sostenibilidad de los sistemas
productivos (Ojha et al., 2020).
En este contexto, los insectos han emergido como
una
alternativa
prometedora
para
la
alimentación
animal, al ofrecer ventajas nutricionales, ambientales y
económicas.
Su
producción
se
fundamenta
en
la
bioconversión de residuos orgánicos, proceso mediante
el
cual
las
larvas
transforman
subproductos
agroindustriales en biomasa rica en nutrientes, con alto
Avaliação nutricional e económica de larvas de moscasoldadonegra
(Hermetia illucens) em dietas de frangos de carne num modelo comunitário
Resumo.
A
avicultura
na
América
Latina
enfrenta
desafios
crescentes
para
garantir
a
sustentabilidade
da
alimentação animal, devido em grande parte à dependência de insumos importados como soja e milho. Nesse
contexto, o presente estudo integra o projeto Insetos pela Paz, uma iniciativa científicosocial que promove o uso
sustentável de insetos em sistemas agroalimentares do Sul Global, com enfoque territorial, comunitário e de
economia circular. Avaliouse a viabilidade nutricional e econômica da inclusão de larvas de mosca soldado negra
(Hermetia illucens) em dietas para frangos de corte em uma comunidade rural no Guaviare, Colômbia. Foram
elaboradas duas dietas experimentais com 15% de inclusão de larvas frescas, substituindo 10 % (MS10) e 20 %
(MS20) do concentrado comercial na fase de terminação, comparadas a uma dieta controle 100 % comercial.
Avaliaramse parâmetros produtivos (peso corporal, ganho diário de peso, conversão alimentar e rendimento de
carcaça), bem como os custos associados à produção de larvas e formulação das dietas. As larvas apresentaram
perfil nutricional favorável, com altos níveis de proteína, lipídios e minerais. Não houve diferenças significativas
entre os tratamentos nos parâmetros zootécnicos, mas o grupo MS10 apresentou a melhor relação custobenefício.
Além disso, a comunidade relatou uma redução de 10 % no uso de concentrado sem prejudicar o desempenho
produtivo. Esses resultados apoiam o uso de H. illucens como insumo funcional, viável e sustentável para sistemas
avícolas comunitários, com potencial de escalabilidade em territórios do Sul Global voltados à bioeconomia circular
e à autossuficiência alimentar.
Palavraschave: Economia circular, insetos comestíveis, sustentabilidade rural, bioconversão, produção animal
alternativa, autossuficiência alimentar.
sistemas
avícolas
comunitarios,
con
potencial
de
escalamiento
en
territorios
del
Sur
Global
hacia
modelos
debioeconomía circular y autosuficiencia alimentaria.
Palabras clave: Economía circular, insectos comestibles, sostenibilidad rural, bioconversión, producción animal
alternativa, autonomía alimentaría.
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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K5tbttVsoTIEdo2OyRww+ZGHI7UAf//Z
109
Larvas de Hermetia illucens en pollos de engorde
Materiales y Métodos
Localización
Las
larvas
utilizadas
para
la
formulación
de
las
dietas provienen de la planta piloto de producción de
mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens) ubicada en la
comunidad
del
Antiguo
Espacio
Territorial
de
Capacitación y Reincorporación (AETCR) Jaime Pardo
Leal, en la vereda Las Colinas del municipio de San
José
del
Guaviare,
Departamento
de
Guaviare,
coordenadas 2°18'03,6"N 72°53'13,6"O, a una altitud de
264 m con temperatura promedio de 27 °C.
Valoración nutricional de larvas de mosca soldado
negra (LMSN)
Las larvas se alimentaron con residuos orgánicos
recolectados en supermercados, restaurantes y hogares
de
la
comunidad.
Aunque
no
se
realizó
una
clasificación detallada, los residuos dominantes fueron
cáscaras
de
papa,
yuca
y
plátano.
El
análisis
bromatológico de las larvas se realizó en el Laboratorio
de Nutrición Animal de la Universidad Nacional de
Colombia
siguiendo
los
métodos
de
AOAC
internacional
así,
para
materia
seca
(AOC
930,15),
proteína bruta (AOAC 984,13), nitrógeno no proteico
(AOAC 991,21), fibra cruda (962,09), extracto etéreo
(AOAC 920,39), cenizas (AOAC 942,05), calcio (AOAC
968,08), fósforo (AOAC 965,17), potasio (AOC 968,08),
magnesio (AOC 968,08), sodio (AOC 968,08), hierro
(ISO 6869), energía bruta (AOC 973,18).
El
perfil
de
ácidos
grasos
se
determinó
en
el
Laboratorio de Toxicología de la Universidad Nacional
de Colombia por cromatografía de gases.
Formulación de las dietas para los pollos de engorde
Con base en el volumen de producción de LMSN en
la
planta
piloto
y
a
la
cantidad
requerida
para
alimentar el número de individuos evaluados, se hizo
el diseño de las dietas experimentales. Teniendo en
cuenta el aporte de proteína, energía y minerales, así
como la cantidad disponible de LMSN y de materias
primas
en
la
región,
se
formuló
una
dieta
de
finalización con 15 % de inclusión de LMSN (Tabla 1).
contenido
de
proteína
y
lípidos,
que
puede
ser
incorporada
en
dietas
animales
(Li
et
al.,
2018;
BarragánFonseca et al., 2017). Además de su aporte
nutricional,
se
ha
documentado
su
potencial
para
generar beneficios socioeconómicos, especialmente en
zonas rurales del Sur Global, donde la cría de insectos
puede
fortalecer
economías
locales,
reducir
la
dependencia
de
insumos
importados,
y
mejorar
los
ingresos de pequeños productores (Chia et al., 2019;
BarragánFonseca et al., 2023, 2020).
Entre las especies más prometedoras se encuentra la
mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens), ampliamente
distribuida
en
regiones
cálidas,
tropicales
y
subtropicales
de
América
(Caruso
et
al.,
2014).
Esta
especie es capaz de degradar una gran variedad de
residuos orgánicos, como frutas en descomposición y
subproductos agrícolas (Menino et al., 2021), generando
larvas
con
un
perfil
nutricional
atractivo
para
la
alimentación animal, caracterizado por un contenido
proteico
elevado
y
niveles
variables
de
lípidos
y
minerales según el sustrato de crianza (Spranghers et al.,
2016; BarragánFonseca et al., 2017). Estudios previos
han demostrado que las larvas de H. illucens pueden
reemplazar
parcialmente
el
alimento
balanceado
en
dietas para pollos de engorde sin afectar el rendimiento
productivo,
e
incluso
mejorando
la
conversión
alimenticia y reduciendo costos (Baderuddin et al., 2024).
La producción local de H. illucens representa así una
estrategia
innovadora
con
alto
potencial
para
contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria, la reducción de
costos de producción y la creación de medios de vida
sostenibles en comunidades rurales (BarragánFonseca
et al., 2024). En este marco se inserta Insectos por la
Paz, una iniciativa científica y social que promueve el
uso
de
insectos
en
contextos
de
vulnerabilidad
socioeconómica, particularmente en territorios afectados
por
conflictos
armados
o
crisis
estructurales.
Esta
iniciativa impulsa un modelo comunitario de producción
agroalimentaria,
basado
en
principios
de
economía
circular, autosuficiencia alimentaria y fortalecimiento de
economías locales (BarragánFonseca et al., 2020).
Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el departamento del
Guaviare, una región colombiana con antecedentes de
conflicto
sociopolítico
y
limitadas
oportunidades
productivas.
El
objetivo
fue
evaluar
la
viabilidad
técnica,
nutricional
y
económica
de
incluir
larvas
frescas de H. illucens en dietas para pollos de engorde,
como insumo alternativo en un modelo comunitario de
producción avícola. Esta estrategia busca contribuir a la
sostenibilidad
de
la
avicultura
rural,
reducir
la
dependencia de insumos externos y servir como modelo
replicable en otras comunidades del Sur Global.
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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110
Tabla 1. Composición de la dieta experimental de finalización con
inclusión de larvas de mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens).
DIETA BALANCEADA
Materia prima
Dieta (%)
Suplemento (%)
Maíz
61,40
72,24
Torta de soya
18,60
21,88
LMSN
15,00
0
Aceite
3
3
Sal común
0,35
0,41
Carbonato de Ca
0,5
0,59
Fosfato bicálcido
1,2
1,41
La preparación de la dieta experimental incluyó la
recolección de larvas frescas de 5° instar de H. illucens
de la planta piloto, por medio de tamices, las cuales
fueron almacenadas a baja temperatura, en recipientes
plásticos rodeados con hielo en una nevera portátil
para reducir su tasa metabólica y preservar su calidad
nutricional. Este procedimiento se realizó entre 3 y 4
días antes de cada suministro, ajustando la cantidad
ofrecida de acuerdo con el consumo estimado por ave.
Aunque
la
inclusión
de
larvas
se
realizó
en
forma
fresca, el cálculo de su proporción en la dieta se basó
en
materia
seca,
utilizando
como
referencia
el
contenido
de
humedad
de
la
biomasa
larval.
La
elaboración
del
suplemento
seco
se
llevó
a
cabo
mediante un protocolo manual estandarizado por la
comunidad
local.
Las
materias
primas
fueron
mezcladas y procesadas mecánicamente con un molino
de
carne,
dando
lugar
a
tiras
cilíndricas
que
posteriormente
fueron
cortadas
manualmente
para
facilitar
la
formación
de
pellets.
Estos
pellets
se
sometieron a un proceso de secado en deshidratadores
solares,
con
volteos
frecuentes,
hasta
alcanzar
un
contenido
de
humedad
adecuado
para
su
almacenamiento
y
suministro
durante
la
fase
experimental.
Diseño experimental
Se utilizaron 96 pollos de engorde machos de la
línea genética Cobb 500, distribuidos aleatoriamente
en
tres
grupos
experimentales:
un
grupo
control,
alimentado con dieta balanceada comercial para pollo
de engorde sin pigmentación al 100 % durante las fases
de
iniciación
y
finalización;
un
grupo
MS10,
que
recibió dieta comercial en la fase de iniciación y una
mezcla en la fase de finalización compuesta por 90 %
de alimento balanceado comercial y 10 % de una dieta
experimental con 15 % de inclusión de LMSN; y un
grupo MS20, alimentado de forma similar a MS10 en
iniciación, pero con una mezcla final compuesta por 80
% de alimento comercial y 20 % de la misma dieta
experimental con 15 % de LMSN. Cada tratamiento
incluyó cuatro réplicas, con ocho pollos por réplica.
Alimentación y manejo de los pollos de engorde
El periodo total de alimentación experimental fue de 14
días,
correspondiente
a
la
etapa
de
engorde,
y
comprendido entre el día 22 y el día 35 de vida de las aves.
El
consumo
de
alimento
se
manejó
según
la
guía
de
manejo Cobb (2013) con una oferta de alimento de dos
veces al día. En los grupos MS10 y MS20, primero se
suministran las larvas frescas, una vez consumidas, se
ofrece
el
suplemento
y
concentrado
en
la
mañana,
mientras
que
en
la
tarde
solo
se
proporcionaba
concentrado. El grupo control recibió dos raciones diarias
de pienso comercial en porciones iguales para mantener
condiciones homogéneas entre los grupos experimentales.
Manejo de los pollos de engorde
Los pollos de engorde, procedentes de San José del
Guaviare, fueron vacunados contra la enfermedad de
Newcastle y la bronquitis infecciosa antes del inicio del
experimento. Durante las dos primeras semanas, se
mantuvieron en un corral común con suministro ad
libitum de agua, vitaminas y alimento comercial de
iniciación,
ofrecido
de
acuerdo
con
las
recomendaciones del fabricante en cuanto a cantidad y
frecuencia. El manejo ambiental incluyó un fotoperiodo
inicial de 23 horas luz, reducido gradualmente hasta 16
horas, y control térmico para mantener temperaturas
superiores
a
32 °C
en
los
primeros
días,
según
las
recomendaciones para la línea genética Cobb 500.
En la tercera semana, los animales fueron trasladados
al
galpón
experimental
para
iniciar
un
proceso
de
aclimatación a las condiciones del sistema productivo,
durante
esta
semana
se
realizó
la
transición
de
alimento comercial de iniciación a engorde.
El día 21 de edad, se realizó el pesaje individual y la
distribución aleatoria de los pollos en 12 corrales de
1,1
×
0,9 m,
con
ocho
individuos
por
corral,
asegurando
homogeneidad
en
el
peso
corporal
(promedio de 1,0 kg). A partir del día 22, se inició la
fase experimental de alimentación.
Los corrales se ubicaron en un galpón comunitario
de tipo abierto y no climatizado, con piso de cemento
cubierto con cama de cascarilla de arroz, ventilación
natural y rodeado de árboles, lo cual ayudó a atenuar
el
calor
ambiental.
El
experimento
se
llevó
a
cabo
durante una época seca, con escasa precipitación.
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
Moreno et al.
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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111
El
manejo
de
los
animales
fue
completamente
manual,
incluyendo
el
suministro
de
alimento,
la
limpieza
de
las
instalaciones
y
la
supervisión
del
bienestar
animal.
El
suministro
de
agua
se
realizó
mediante
bebederos
tipo
niple,
lo
que
permitió
un
acceso continuo al agua fresca.
Parámetros zootécnicos evaluados
Durante el experimento se evaluaron semanalmente
diferentes
parámetros
zootécnicos
para
estimar
el
desempeño productivo de los pollos de engorde.
El
consumo
de
alimento
(CA)
se
determinó
semanalmente
como
la
diferencia
entre
la
cantidad
total
de
alimento
ofrecido
y
los
residuos
no
consumidos
por
corral.
Este
valor
se
expresó
como
consumo por ave por día utilizando la fórmula:
El
peso
corporal
(PC)
fue
medido
de
forma
individual
una
vez
por
semana
en
cada
unidad
experimental,
permitiendo
llevar
un
seguimiento
preciso del crecimiento de las aves.
Ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) se calculó con la
fórmula:
La
relación
de
conversión
alimenticia
(RCA)
se
estimó dividiendo el consumo total de alimento por la
ganancia de peso correspondiente:
La
mortalidad
fue
monitoreada
diariamente,
registrando tanto el número de individuos afectados
como
las
posibles
causas,
con
el
fin
de
identificar
relaciones
con
los
tratamientos
o
con
factores
de
manejo ambiental.
El rendimiento en canal se evaluó al finalizar el
ensayo, calculando el porcentaje de peso de la canal
respecto al peso vivo, mediante la fórmula:
Todos
los
datos
fueron
registrados
en
formatos
individuales
por
unidad
experimental
para
su
posterior análisis.
Diseño experimental y análisis estadísticos
El estudio se realizó con 96 pollos de engorde que
se repartieron en 12 corrales con 8 pollos cada uno,
cada corral se constituyó en una unidad experimental.
Para determinar las diferencias entre tratamientos se
realizó
un
análisis
de
varianza
ANOVA.
Posteriormente, se realizaron comparaciones múltiples
entre tratamientos mediante un análisis posthoc de
Tukey, cuyos valores p fueron inferiores a 0,05 para
diferencias significativas.
Análisis de costos de producción de LMSN
Se realizó un análisis de costos con el objetivo de
comparar el valor económico de las dietas formuladas
con
LMSN
frente
a
una
dieta
comercial
estándar
utilizada como control. A partir de este análisis se
estimó la relación beneficio: costo como indicador de
viabilidad económica.
El costo de producción de las larvas fue estimado
con base en los registros de la planta piloto ubicada en
el
Espacio
Territorial
de
Capacitación
y
Reincorporación
(ETCR).
Este
cálculo
consideró
el
costo de los insumos utilizados para la alimentación de
las
larvas,
principalmente
residuos
orgánicos
recolectados en supermercados, restaurantes y hogares,
así como los costos de mano de obra, infraestructura y
procesamiento
previo
al
uso
en
las
dietas
experimentales. El costo total se determinó en función
del
volumen
de
producción
y
del
rendimiento
de
biomasa obtenida. Para evaluar la eficiencia económica
de las dietas, se comparó el costo de las formulaciones
con
LMSN
frente
a
la
dieta
comercial
estándar,
considerando el desempeño productivo de las aves en
cada tratamiento. Se incluyeron variables como el peso
corporal promedio y el rendimiento en canal, lo que
permitió estimar la relación beneficio: costo y establecer
la
viabilidad
económica
del
uso
de
LMSN
como
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ingrediente alternativo en la alimentación avícola.
Larvas de Hermetia illucens en pollos de engorde
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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MY+PPwQ8Gak/iHwx4L8X/ETxoxMkGqfEu/hmW2kHIk2RMRKQefmAI9a+fPiZ8SfEnxc8XXvi
fxPqE2oape5cuzfJHGCcJGuflRegXmkB+gXxJ/aK/Z5+IWrWWsN4+1TQvEmnr5dl4i8P22oW
V/Cp5YLMkJz/ALpBFc/c/G34HeIdUstQ8bfGTxd8R/sMiyWln4pN9cWluy9HECW0aM/+0cmv
nr9lT9obQPgr4T+IGm6xHrLza8+nmAaXEWSZYRdB4JsXcACv56D96lzDhT5lvKMLXI6h8bpr
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8bd4H4V8bfAvx1p/wt+MngjxhqkNxPYaHq9rqM0VoiPNIkcgciNWIXJx3YCvYvCv7TXhXS/B
ek6dDp2reA/ECyaxLeeJfCsUbPpV1dHScXmmwebCYXlj02aCWFZY0RbuQxOI2+zIWCx9PeE/
2rP2fPA2g22iaD4it9M0q2GEt4dIvNvJ5JHkjeSckk8kk5rkI/jh8D/D2sXuo+C/jN4w+HRv
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K5tbttVsoTIEdo2OyRww+ZGHI7UAf//Z
112
Resultados
Valoración nutricional de LMSN
Composición bromatológica de las LMSN
En la Tabla 2 se destaca el elevado nivel de proteína
(BS) con 43,6 % así como su alto contenido de grasa
con 17,5 %, niveles adecuados de calcio con 2,3 %,
fósforo con 1 %, potasio y hierro.
Análisis
Base húmeda
Base seca
Materia seca (%)
37,8
Proteína cruda (nx6,25) (%)
16,5
43,6
Nitrógeno no proteico (%pc)
0,2
27,0
Fibra cruda (%)
4,8
12,6
Extracto etéreo (%)
6,6
17,5
Cenizas (%)
2,4
6,3
Calcio (%)
0,9
2,3
Fósforo (%)
0,4
1,0
Potasio (%)
0,7
1,9
Tabla 2. Composición bromatológica de larvas frescas de mosca
soldado negra (Hermetia illucens) en base húmeda y seca.
Perfil de ácidos grasos
El perfil de ácidos grasos de LMSN obtenida bajo
las condiciones del presente estudio se muestra en la
Tabla 3. Se destaca su elevado contenido de ácidos
grasos de cadena media (55,1 %) dentro de los que
sobresale un elevado contenido de ácido láurico (44,4
%). Además, la relación entre la proporción de ácidos
grasos omea6 respecto a los ácidos grasos omega3 es
relativamente baja con 4,98:1.
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
Nombre común
FAMEs
Harina de LMSN
Cáprico
C10:0
0,98
Láurico
C12:0
44,4
Tridecanoico
C13:0
0,03
Mirístico
C14:0
9,49
Miristoleico
C14:1
0,18
Pentadecanoico
C15:0
0,22
Palmítico
C16:0
13,96
Palmitoleico
C16:1
3,91
Margárico
C17:0
0,22
Esteárico
C18:0
2,85
Oleico
C18:1n9c 14,45
Linoleico
C18:2n6c 6,85
α linoleico
C18:3n3 (ALA) 1,28
Araquidónico
C20:0
0,08
Tabla 3. Perfil de ácidos grasos de la harina de larvas de mosca
soldado negra (Hermetia illucens)
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
Nombre común
FAMEs
Harina de LMSN
Eicosenoico
C20:1n9
0,05
Eicosadienoico
C20:2n6
0,03
Araquidónico
C20:4n6 (ARA)
0,36
Behénico
C22:0
0,02
Erúcico
C22:1n9
0,31
Docosapentaenoico
C22:5n3 (DPA)
0,17
Lignocérico
C24:0
0,08
Nervónico
C24:1n9
0,09
TOTAL
100,00
AGPI (%)
72,31
AGMI (%)
18,99
AGS (%)
8,7
n3 (%)
1,45
n6 (%)
7,24
n6/n3
4,98
Tabla 3. Perfil de ácidos grasos de la harina de larvas de mosca
soldado negra (Hermetia illucens) (Continuación)
AGPI:
Ácidos
grasos
poliinsaturados.
AGMI:
Ácidos
grasos
monoinsaturados. AGS: Ácidos grasos saturados. n3: Ácidos grasos
Omega 3. n6: Ácidos grasos Omega 6. n6/n3: Relación omega 3 –
omega 6. | Fuente: Elaboración propia.
Parámetros
productivos
de
pollos
de
engorde
alimentados con LMSN
Consumo de alimento
Previo al inicio de la etapa experimental, durante la
semana 3 (fase de preexperimentación), los animales
alcanzaron un consumo acumulado de 1206 g (Tabla
4). Durante el periodo experimental, se suministró una
cantidad
estandarizada
de
alimento
a
todos
los
tratamientos, con una oferta diaria controlada siguiendo
las recomendaciones del manual de manejo Cobb (2013).
El consumo de alimento es un indicador fundamen
tal del desempeño productivo, ya que refleja tanto la
aceptación
de
la
dieta
como
su
impacto
sobre
el
crecimiento
y
la
conversión
alimenticia.
En
este
estudio, no se observaron diferencias significativas en
el consumo entre los grupos, ya que todos los pollos
de
engorde
consumieron
la
totalidad
del
alimento
proporcionado
en
cada
ración,
sin
dejar
residuos,
independientemente del tratamiento recibido.
Esta
ausencia
de
diferencias
puede
atribuirse
al
hecho de que las dietas fueron formuladas para cubrir
adecuadamente
los
requerimientos
nutricionales
de
los animales y suministradas en cantidades limitadas
Moreno et al.
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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113
Tabla 4. Consumo total de alimento por tratamiento durante la etapa experimental en pollos de engorde.
pero suficientes. Además, el buen estado sanitario de
las aves, junto con la uniformidad en el manejo y las
condiciones
ambientales,
contribuyó
a
una
alta
aceptación de los ingredientes incluidos en las dietas
experimentales.
Grupo
Larvas frescas
Larvas base seca
Suplemento
Concentrado
Consumo total (g)
Control
0
0
0
2265
2265
MS10
89,88
33,97
192,75
2038
2265
MS20
179,76
67,95
385,28
1812
2265
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
Peso corporal
Al inicio del experimento, los animales de los tres
tratamientos presentaron pesos promedio similares, lo
que indica una adecuada homogeneidad entre grupos
(Control: 1045 g, MS10: 1053 g, MS20: 1045 g).
Al finalizar el periodo experimental, se observaron
incrementos
en
el
peso
corporal
en
todos
los
tratamientos. El grupo Control alcanzó un peso final
promedio de 2378 g, seguido por MS20 con 2372 g y
MS10 con 2291 g.
No obstante, el análisis estadístico (ANOVA) indicó
que
no
hubo
diferencias
significativas
entre
los
tratamientos (p > 0,05) en cuanto al peso corporal final.
Estos resultados sugieren que la inclusión parcial de
larvas de Hermetia illucens no afectó negativamente el
crecimiento de los pollos de engorde, manteniendo un
desempeño
comparable
al
del
grupo
alimentado
exclusivamente con concentrado comercial.
Ganancia de peso
Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias
significativas en las ganancias de peso evaluadas entre
semana 4 y 3 (GP1), semana 5 y 4 (GP2), ni en la
ganancia de peso acumulada (GPA). Según el análisis
estadístico (ANOVA), los valores obtenidos fueron: p = 0,2806
para GP1, p = 0,4673 para GP2, y p = 0,8639 para GPA.
Durante GP1, los grupos que recibieron larvas de
Hermetia
illucens
(MS10
y
MS20)
mostraron
una
menor variabilidad en el crecimiento con respecto al
grupo Control. En contraste, durante GP2 y en la GPA
se observó una mayor variabilidad en los tratamientos
con
inclusión
de
larvas,
sin
que
esto
representara
diferencias significativas (p > 0,05).
Los análisis de comparación múltiple confirmaron
la
ausencia
de
diferencias,
ya
que
todos
los
tratamientos compartieron la misma letra (“a”) en cada
parámetro evaluado (Tabla 5).
Relación de conversión alimenticia
El tratamiento MS10 presentó el valor más bajo de
conversión alimenticia final (1,781), lo que sugiere una
tendencia hacia una mayor eficiencia en la utilización
del alimento. No obstante, los análisis estadísticos no
mostraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos
para ninguno de los periodos evaluados (p = 0,2809 para
conversión inicial; p = 0,5065 para conversión final).
Estos resultados indican que la inclusión de larvas
de Hermetia illucens en la dieta no afectó negativamente
la
eficiencia
alimenticia
de
los
pollos
de
engorde,
manteniéndose dentro de rangos comparables al grupo
control alimentado con concentrado comercial (Tabla 5).
Rendimiento de la canal
Al
final
del
estudio,
se
beneficiaron
las
aves
mediante dislocación cervical, conforme al protocolo
aprobado
por
el
comité
de
bienestar
animal.
Se
seleccionaron ocho pollos al azar por tratamiento para
la evaluación del rendimiento en canal.
El
tratamiento
MS10
presentó
el
rendimiento
promedio
más
alto
(67,99
%),
seguido
por
MS20
(64,74 %) y el grupo Control (64,23 %). Sin embargo, el
análisis estadístico no reveló diferencias significativas
entre tratamientos (p = 0,33), lo que sugiere que la
inclusión
de
larvas
en
la
dieta
no
afectó
de
forma
relevante el rendimiento en canal (Tabla 5).
Larvas de Hermetia illucens en pollos de engorde
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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114
Tabla 5. Parámetros productivos de pollos de engorde alimentados con inclusión de larvas de mosca soldado negra (Hermetia
illucens) en la dieta de finalización.
GP1
Tratamiento
Media estimada (g) ± EE
IC 95% (g)
Grupo
Control
607,5 ± 17,9
566,2 – 648,8
a
MS10
582,5 ± 17,9
541,2 – 623,4
a
MS20
622,5 ± 17,9
581,2 – 663,8
a
GP2
Control
679,4 ± 31,89
605,8 – 752,9
a
MS10
726,3 ± 31,89
652,7 – 799,8
a
MS20
676,9 ± 31,89
603,3 – 750,4
a
GPA
Control
1,287 ± 0,029
1,221 – 1,353
a
MS10
1,309 ± 0,029
1,243 – 1,375
a
MS20
1,300 ± 0,029
1,233 – 1,366
a
RCAI
Control
1,623 ± 0,051
1,506 – 1,744
a
MS10
1,692 ± 0,051
1,575 – 1,809
a
MS20
1,578 ± 0,051
1,461 – 1,695
a
RCAF
Control
1,893 ± 0,095
1,673 – 2,113
a
MS10
1,781 ± 0,095
1,562 – 2,001
a
MS20
1,933 ± 0,095
1,713 – 2,153
a
Rendimiento de la canal
Control
64,23±1,94
60,19 – 68,26
a
MS10
67,99±1,94
63,95 – 72,03
a
MS20
64,74±1,94
60,71 68,73
a
Abreviatura: GP1= ganancia de peso entre semana 4 y 3; GP2 = ganancia de peso entre semana 5 y 4; GPA= ganancia de peso acumulada; RCAI= Relación de conversión
alimenticia inicial; RCAF= Relación de conversión alimenticia final.
Fuente: elaboración propia.
Análisis de costos de dietas con inclusión de LMSN
para pollos de engorde
Costo de insumos y producción de larvas
El análisis de costos asociados a la producción de
LMSN se basó en el registro de 42 lotes productivos
monitoreados durante un periodo de cuatro meses, con
un rendimiento promedio de biomasa larval de 2,4 kg
por
lote.
Los
resultados
indican
que
el
principal
componente del costo corresponde a la mano de obra,
con una participación del 72 %, seguido por los costos
asociados a infraestructura y equipos utilizados en el
proceso (21 %). El 8 % restante corresponde a insumos
auxiliares requeridos para el manejo de las dietas y la
operación del sistema, tales como salvado de trigo para
retención de humedad y concentrado para la dieta de
incubación.
En
la
estimación
del
costo
total
de
producción
se
consideró
también
el
coproducto
generado
durante
el
proceso,
el
abono
orgánico
conocido como frass, dado que su obtención se realiza
simultáneamente
con
la
producción
de
larvas.
En
función de la proporción generada de cada producto
final, se asignó el 35 % de los costos a las larvas y el 65
% al frass. Bajo este esquema, el costo estimado de
producción de LMSN fue de 1,19 USD/kg (Tabla 6).
Costo de formulación de dietas
Para el costo total de cada dieta se estima el precio de
compra y el costo de transporte a la comunidad, cuando
son
cantidades
considerables
como
un
bulto,
pueden
llegar a cobrar por unidad $ 3,56 USD. La dieta comercial
cuesta $ 0,72 y la dieta experimental termina costando $
0,69
USD,
es
decir
$0,03
USD
menos
por
kg,
esta
reducción es baja debido a las materias primas utilizadas
y por el costo de la producción que no es estable.
Costo por ave
El costo de producción de larvas fue de $1,19 USD/
kg. Esto permitió reducir el costo total de alimentación
en $0,01 USD por ave en MS10 y MS20.
Moreno et al.
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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115
Proyección de costos a mayor escala
Con estos resultados bajos en la reducción moneta
ria, se realiza un ajuste en los costos de producción de
LMSN, donde se elimina uno de los costos variables.
Debido
a
que,
al
optimizar
por
medio
de
otras
herramientas
como
prensas,
se
eliminaría
la
dependencia del insumo del salvado de trigo. Con una
producción optimizada, donde se mejoran procesos y
se obtienen más residuos, se estima una producción de
biomasa larval por lote de 3,8 kg, el costo de larvas se
reduciría a $0,7 USD/kg, aumentando la rentabilidad,
ocasionado una reducción en el precio de las dietas por
ave de $0,03 USD para el MS10 y de $0,05 USD para
MS20,
una
reducción
del
1,84
%
y
3,07
%
respectivamente (Tabla 7).
Tabla 6. Costos de producción de larvas de mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens) en planta piloto comunitaria del AETCR,
Guaviare, Colombia.
Estructura de Costos de Producción (USD/cuatrimestre)
Denominación Contable
Denominación
Elemento
Identificación
Comportamiento
Participación
Contable
Fijo
Variable
%
Materiales y
Materias Primas
Insumos
Indirecto
34,92
Salvado de trigo
Directo
23,74
8%
Concentrado
Directo
6,88
Recurso humano
Salario operario
Directo
379,85
72%
Salario recolector
Indirecto
237,41
Otros Costos
Depreciación
Directo
113,05
21%
mejoramiento
infraestructura
Depreciación de
Directo
30,06
equipos de trabajo
Combustible
Indirecto
25,05
Aceite
Indirecto
9,02
Subtotal
Costos de
producción
795,29
64,69
Costos Totales de Producción
859,98
100%
Resumen de costos
Resumen
Frass 65%
Larva 35%
Costos Fijos Totales de Producción (USD/cuatrimestre)
516,93
278,35
Costos Variables Totales de Producción (USD/cuatrimestre)
42,05
22,64
Costos Totales de Producción (USD/cuatrimestre)
558,99
300,99
Producción (kg/cuatrimestre)
723
289
Costo Fijo unitario de producción (USD/kg)
0,72
0,96
Costo Variable unitario de producción (USD/kg)
0,089
0,22
Costo Unitario de producción (cup) (USD/kg)
0,80
1,19
Fuente: elaboración propia.
Tabla
7.
Costo
total
de
alimentación
por
ave
según
tratamiento experimental con inclusión de larvas de mosca
soldado negra (Hermetia illucens).
C
MS10
MS20
Concentrado
$ 1,63
$ 1,46
$ 1,30
Dieta experimento
0
$ 0,14
$ 0,28
Costo total
$ 1,63
$ 1,60
$ 1,58
Fuente: elaboración propia.
Análisis comparativo de costobeneficio
Con
los
costos
evaluados,
se
realizan
cálculos
de
la
ganancia económica de los pollos al utilizar las diferentes
dietas, con los pesos promedio final de los tratamientos y el
rendimiento
en
canal
promedio
como
parámetros
para
hacer las estimaciones de costo beneficio a largo plazo. Con
estas estimaciones se obtiene que se gana $ 0,07 USD más
por ave que en el control en MS10, mientras que en MS20
por ave se pierde $ 0,16 USD que el control, resultando que
para beneficio económico el tratamiento con mejor resultado
es el MS10. En una proyección anual, el tratamiento MS10
generaría $ 75,52 USD adicionales frente al control, es decir,
con un menor peso promedio final y un mayor rendimiento
en
canal
promedio,
MS10
presenta
mayor
ganancia
económica (figura 1).
Larvas de Hermetia illucens en pollos de engorde
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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116
Figura 1. Proyección de ganancia económica anual (USD) por número de aves, según el tratamiento experimental con inclusión
de larvas de Hermetia illucens. Las diferencias mostradas son estimaciones proyectadas basadas en valores promedio. No se
realizaron análisis estadísticos sobre estos datos.
Discusión
A partir de la experiencia experimental, la comuni
dad adaptó el uso de larvas según la disponibilidad
local, implementando lotes de prueba con 30 aves, a las
que se suministraron 100 g diarios de larvas frescas
desde el día 22, en reemplazo parcial del concentrado.
Esta
práctica
redujo
el
consumo
de
alimento
balanceado de 4 a 3,6 bultos por ciclo (10 % menos), sin
afectar la ganancia de peso observada. Aunque estos
resultados
no
fueron
evaluados
estadísticamente,
representan
una
experiencia
empírica
relevante
que
puede orientar futuras investigaciones participativas.
Valor nutritivo y funcional de Hermetia illucens en
dietas avícolas
Las larvas de Hermetia illucens (LMSN) se consolidan
como una fuente proteica viable para sistemas avícolas,
especialmente
en
contextos
donde
la
reducción
de
costos
y
la
disponibilidad
local
de
insumos
son
determinantes.
Su
contenido
proteico,
reportado
en
este estudio en 43,6 % en base seca, permite clasificarla
dentro
del
grupo
de
ingredientes
proteicos
(NRC,
1994), con un perfil bromatológico que se asemeja al de
oleaginosas por su elevada concentración lipídica (17,5 %),
lo cual otorga ventajas económicas en formulaciones de
mínimo
costo
(Leeson
et
al.,
2000;
Tablas
FEDNA,
2019).
Adicionalmente,
el
contenido
mineral,
particularmente de fósforo y calcio, representa un valor
agregado. En este sentido, estudios como el de Matin et
al. (2021) reportaron una alta digestibilidad del fósforo
en LMSN (73–88 %), lo que podría reducir la necesidad
de aditivos minerales sintéticos, aunque advierten que
la
biodisponibilidad
relativa,
evaluada
por
mineralización ósea, es menor.
La formulación local realizada en este trabajo permitió
sustituir completamente la torta de soya con un 40 %
de LMSN, 51,3 % de maíz y 8,35 % de salvado de trigo,
confirmando su potencial para reducir la dependencia
de
ingredientes
convencionales
sin
comprometer
el
balance nutricional, aunque la producción a gran escala
aún representa un desafío en contextos comunitarios.
Desde el punto de vista funcional, el perfil lipídico
de la LMSN es interesante por su alto contenido de
ácidos
grasos
de
cadena
media,
en
especial
ácido
láurico
(44,4
%),
y
una
relación
omega6:
omega3
cercana
a
5:1,
considerada
adecuada
para
la
salud
intestinal
y
metabólica
tanto
en
animales
como
en
humanos
(Jia
et
al.,
2020).
Sin
embargo,
su
alta
inclusión
puede
modificar
negativamente
el
perfil
lipídico
de
los
tejidos
musculares.
Murawska
et
al.
(2021) observaron que al sustituir hasta el 100 % de la
harina
de
soya
por
LMSN
en
pollos
de
engorde,
disminuyó
el
contenido
de
ácidos
grasos
poliinsaturados en la carne y aumentaron los ácidos
grasos saturados, reduciendo el valor nutricional del
producto final. Esto sugiere la necesidad de un balance
cuidadoso en su formulación.
El sustrato de cría también influye en la calidad
nutricional.
En
este
estudio,
las
LMSN
fueron
alimentadas
con
residuos
orgánicos
urbanos
no
clasificados, en su mayoría cáscaras de tubérculos, lo
Moreno et al.
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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117
que coincide con lo descrito por Hosseindoust et al.
(2023) sobre los efectos de los desperdicios de comida
en la composición larval. Nuestros valores de proteína
fueron superiores a los promedios reportados por esos
autores
(33,5–38,3
%),
lo
cual
podría
deberse
a
diferencias en la proporción de nutrientes disponibles
y
a
factores
físicos
del
sustrato.
Yakti
et
al.
(2023)
demostraron que la densidad y tamaño de partícula del
componente
fibroso
pueden
modificar
tanto
el
crecimiento larval como su concentración de minerales
(hasta un 35 % de variación en fósforo), lo que respalda
la necesidad de estandarizar los sustratos si se desea
mantener una calidad constante del insumo.
Desde
una
perspectiva
socioeconómica,
la
produc
ción de LMSN promueve medios de vida sostenibles,
empleo rural y cierre de ciclos de nutrientes en modelos
de bioeconomía circular, aspectos estratégicos para el Sur
Global (Chia et al., 2021 y BarragánFonseca et al.,2023).
Finalmente,
este
estudio
no
evaluó
variables
fisiológicas
o
metabólicas
adicionales,
sin
embargo,
investigaciones
previas,
como
la
de
Marono
et
al.
(2017),
demostraron
mejoras
bioquímicas
en
aves
alimentadas con LMSN, incluyendo mayor absorción
de calcio, mejor perfil lipídico sanguíneo y una relación
albúmina/globulina
más
favorable
en
gallinas
ponedoras. Esto abre nuevas líneas de investigación
sobre los posibles efectos nutracéuticos y funcionales
de la inclusión de insectos en la dieta de aves.
Desempeño
productivo
de
pollos
de
engorde
alimentados con LMSN
La inclusión de LMSN en dietas para pollos de
engorde
no
afectó
negativamente
el
desempeño
productivo, en concordancia con estudios previos. Las
aves aceptaron de inmediato la inclusión de LMSN en
la dieta, respaldando la hipótesis de que los insectos
forman parte de la dieta natural de las aves (Star et al.,
2020).
Esta
rápida
adaptación
se
ha
documentado
también en estudios que destacan la buena palatabilidad
del ingrediente (Cullere et al., 2019; Abd ElHack et al.,
2020), lo cual favorece su uso en sistemas comunitarios.
A nivel metodológico, este estudio adaptó el diseño
experimental propuesto por Dörper et al. (2024), en el
cual se comparó el suministro de larvas procesadas
frente
a
larvas
frescas.
Aunque
en
nuestro
caso
se
utilizó
un
sistema
manual
de
alimentación,
los
resultados
fueron
similares
en
cuanto
al
mantenimiento
del
crecimiento
y
la
eficiencia
alimenticia, validando así la factibilidad técnica de la
inclusión de LMSN sin automatización del suministro,
aspecto
crucial
en
sistemas
de
bajo
costo
como
el
implementado en Guaviare.
En cuanto a los índices de conversión alimenticia, los
resultados
concuerdan
con
lo
reportado
por
Seyedalmoosavi
et
al.
(2022),
quienes
reportaron
que
inclusiones
de
hasta
20
%
no
afectan
la
eficiencia
alimenticia, aunque niveles más altos pueden reducir la
digestibilidad por la presencia de quitina (Hartinger et
al., 2021; Abd ElHack et al., 2020; Murawska et al., 2021).
El rendimiento en canal tampoco se vio afectado por
los tratamientos experimentales, en concordancia con
lo reportado por Schiavone et al. (2017) y Murawska et
al. (2021), quienes observaron que inclusiones parciales
de
LMSN
no
alteraban
significativamente
los
parámetros de la canal ni la calidad de la carne. Sin
embargo, estudios como los de Machado et al. (2022) y
Adams et al. (2024) resaltan la necesidad de evaluar
otros
indicadores
post
mortem,
incluyendo
la
morfología
hepática,
la
integridad
intestinal
y
la
calidad nutricional del producto final. Asimismo, se ha
sugerido
explorar
el
potencial
del
frass
como
coproducto en la alimentación animal, ampliando así la
circularidad del sistema productivo (Adams et al., 2024;
Abd ElHack et al., 2020).
Estudios comparativos (Cullere et al., 2019 y Hartinger
et al., 2021) coinciden en que inclusiones del 10 y el 20 %,
permiten mantener el peso vivo, la ganancia diaria de
peso
y
la
eficiencia
alimenticia
dentro
de
rangos
productivos aceptables. Sin embargo, Murawska et al.
(2021) alertan sobre efectos negativos en el crecimiento
y la calidad sensorial de la carne cuando se supera el
umbral del 50 % de reemplazo de proteína por LMSN.
Esto sugiere que, si bien es posible una sustitución parcial,
los niveles óptimos deben ajustarse cuidadosamente al
contexto productivo y al perfil nutricional del insumo.
En
síntesis,
los
resultados
del
presente
estudio
refuerzan
la
viabilidad
de
utilizar
LMSN
en
proporciones
moderadas
en
dietas
de
pollos
de
engorde bajo condiciones rurales. Esta estrategia ofrece
ventajas
en
sostenibilidad,
autonomía
alimentaria
y
reducción de insumos importados, alineándose con un
enfoque agroalimentario resiliente para el Sur Global
(Abd ElHack et al., 2020; Ahmed et al., 2023).
Análisis de costos de dietas con inclusión de LMSN
para pollos de engorde
Los resultados económicos de este estudio sugieren
que la inclusión de LMSN puede reducir los costos de
alimentación en sistemas avícolas de pequeña escala.
Larvas de Hermetia illucens en pollos de engorde
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
Conclusión
El presente estudio confirma la viabilidad técnica y
económica de incluir larvas frescas de Hermetia illucens
en
dietas
para
pollos
de
engorde
en
sistemas
comunitarios.
Las
dietas
con
15
%
de
inclusión,
correspondientes a un reemplazo del 10 % (MS10) y 20 %
(MS20)
del
concentrado
comercial,
no
afectaron
significativamente
los
parámetros
productivos
(ganancia
de
peso,
conversión
alimenticia
y
rendimiento
en
canal),
destacándose
el
tratamiento
MS10 por su mejor relación costobeneficio.
Además, las larvas presentaron un perfil nutricional
favorable, con altos niveles de proteína (43,6 %), lípidos
(17,5
%)
y
minerales
como
calcio
y
fósforo.
La
adaptación positiva de las aves a las dietas, junto con la
reducción
observada
en
el
uso
de
concentrado
comercial, valida el potencial de esta estrategia para
mejorar la autosuficiencia alimentaria en zonas rurales.
Se
destaca,
además,
la
apropiación
local
de
la
práctica, con continuidad espontánea por parte de la
comunidad,
evidenciando
la
aplicabilidad
del
conocimiento transferido. Sin embargo, se identificaron
limitaciones asociadas al tamaño muestral, atribuibles a
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74VvocbXUXiaS7ewbURDAHGibAUsDOqq+0SZ+QKE2BUGEAQFhWPuTxd+1d+z7440G60TXfEk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118
Particularmente, la dieta experimental propuesta, cuyo
uso fue limitado por restricciones en la disponibilidad
de LMSN, presentaba un costo estimado de $ 0,53 USD
por kilogramo, lo que representa una reducción de $ 0,17
USD respecto a la dieta implementada. Esta diferencia,
aunque modesta, equivale a un ahorro del 24%, lo cual
puede
ser
significativo
para
sistemas
rurales
con
márgenes económicos estrechos.
La producción local de materias primas, como el
maíz,
y
la
implementación
de
dietas
con
menor
dependencia
de
insumos
costosos
que
incorporen
LMSN, podrían potenciar la rentabilidad del sistema.
Estas observaciones concuerdan con lo señalado por
Madau et al. (2020) y BarragánFonseca et al. (2023), quienes
destacan el papel de los modelos de economía circular en la
reducción de costos logísticos y de insumos externos.
El
establecimiento
de
microempresas
rurales
productoras
de
LMSN
puede
generar
beneficios
económicos y ambientales mediante la valorización de
residuos
orgánicos.
Tal
como
evidenciaron
Beesigamukama et al. (2022), los residuos derivados del
proceso de cría, como el frass, pueden utilizarse como
fertilizante,
promoviendo
sistemas
agrícolas
más
sostenibles. Auzins et al. (2024) también subrayan que,
aunque el balance económico de la harina de insectos
aún es negativo en fases piloto, su escalabilidad y los
beneficios ambientales podrían revertir esta situación.
Casos
como
el
de
Ouko
(2023)
muestran
que
el
reemplazo
del
50
%
del
alimento
convencional
por
LMSN
en
acuicultura
redujo
costos
en
8,9
%,
mejorando la rentabilidad. En este estudio, se logró
una reducción del 10 % en costos de alimentación en
condiciones
reales,
sin
comprometer
el
desempeño
animal. Esto coincide con Mutuku et al. (2022), quienes
identificaron
que
el
uso
eficiente
del
sustrato
y
la
reducción de las horas de trabajo son claves para mejorar
los márgenes de ganancia en sistemas de cría de LMSN,
sugiriendo que la eficiencia operativa es tan relevante
como la formulación nutricional en el análisis de costos.
Desde
una
perspectiva
socioeconómica,
se
ha
señalado que integrar a pequeños productores en la
cadena
de
valor
de
insectos
fortalece
la
resiliencia
económica local (BarragánFonseca et al., 2020; Chia et
al., 2019) y se alinea con los ODS 2 y 16 al promover
seguridad alimentaria y empleo.
Adicionalmente,
Roy
et
al.
(2024)
mostraron
en
Bangladesh
que
la
inclusión
del
50
%
de
BSFL
en
broilers generó mayor retorno neto y mejor relación
beneficio/costo
(1,16
frente
a
1,11
con
dieta
tradicional).
A
pesar
de
desafíos
como
la
falta
de
asistencia técnica o acceso a insumos, más del 70 % de
los
productores
expresó
disposición
a
adoptar
esta
alternativa,
evidenciando
que,
con
la
intervención
adecuada,
el
modelo
podría
ser
replicable
en
otros
contextos del Sur Global.
En esta misma línea, Abro et al. (2020) proyectaron
beneficios
económicos
y
sociales
considerables
al
reemplazar parcialmente la harina de soya o pescado
por
harina
de
insecto
en
Kenia,
con
impactos
proyectados
en
empleo,
reducción
de
pobreza,
valorización
de
residuos
y
ahorro
en
divisas
por
importación
de
insumos.
Estos
hallazgos
respaldan
una
transición
estructurada
hacia
cadenas
agroalimentarias
sostenibles
basadas
en
insectos.
Finalmente, como destaca BarragánFonseca (2024), el
diseño de modelos de producción de insectos debe
adaptarse
a
las
condiciones
ecológicas,
culturales
y
económicas locales. No se trata únicamente de replicar
esquemas
industriales,
sino
de
desarrollar
prácticas
situadas, capaces de maximizar beneficios económicos
y sociales mientras se minimizan riesgos asociados.
Moreno et al.
ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
Abd
ElHack,
M.E.,
Shafi,
M.E.,
Alghamdi,
W.Y.,
Abdelnour,
S.A.,
Shehata,
A.M.,
Noreldin,
A.E.,
Arif,
M.
and
Ragni,
M.,
2020.
Black
soldier
fly
(Hermetia illucens) meal as a promising feed ingredient
for
poultry:
A
comprehensive
review.
Agriculture,
10:339. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080339
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119
Conflicto de intereses: Los autores no tienen ningún conflicto de interés.
Aprobación del Comité de Experimentación Animal: Este estudio fue avalado por el Comité de Bioética de la Facultad
de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Contribuciones de los autores: Redacción del borrador original, L.P.M y K.Y.B; Revisión y edición, K.B, L.B y
L.P.M. Todos los autores han leído y aceptado la versión publicada del manuscrito.
Agradecimientos: Agradecemos a la comunidad del AETCR Jaime Pardo Leal, en la vereda Las Colinas, por brindar
sus instalaciones para el desarrollo del presente estudio y por su disposición a participar en las jornadas de
capacitación sobre la producción de mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens). Su colaboración fue clave para llevar
a cabo esta investigación. Asimismo, se agradece al centro de investigación de artrópodos terrestres (CINAT) por la
transformación de LMSN, y a los laboratorios de Nutrición Animal y de Toxicología de la Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, por los análisis de esta harina LMSN.
Editado por: Omar AraujoFebres
Financiamiento: Los autores agradecen a Minciencias por generar los fondos necesarios para esta investigación a
través de la Convocatoria Programa Orquídeas, mujeres en la ciencia: Agentes para la Paz.
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https://repository.uamerica.edu.co/
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ISSNL 10221301. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal. 2025. 33 (2): 107122
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