Efeito do nível de energia da dieta no terço final da gestação no desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas de corte e sua progênie
Nutrición preparto y desempeño de la vaca y su descendencia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53588/alpa.300406Palavras-chave:
Sub-nutrição, Vacas reprodutoras, Pastoreio, Descendência, Metabolismo, ReproduçãoResumo
O objetivo neste experimento foi conhecer o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas alimentadas com dois níveis de energia no último terço da gestação e o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo da progênie. Trinta e uma vacas britânicas multíparas prenhes, carregando um feto fêmea, foram designadas no Dia -90 (Dia 0=parto) para dois níveis de ingestão de energia até o parto: i- 125% das necessidades (ALTO; n=15) e ii - 75% dos requisitos (BAJO; n=16). Após o parto, mães e bezerros (F1) permaneceram juntos até o desmame e todas as novilhas foram inseminadas artificialmente aos dois anos de idade. Nas vacas, foram registrados peso vivo (PV), condição corporal (CC), concentração de ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), produção de leite e diagnóstico de atividade ovariana (DAO). Na prole (F1) foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: em bezerros PV, GD e hormônios metabólicos, em novilhas PV, CC e DAO e em sua prole (F2) PV e GD. Os tratamentos de alimentação das vacas afetaram o CC no período de lactação (4,2±0,04 para ALTO e 3,9±0,05 para BAJO, P˂0,05), as concentrações de AGNE do parto ao desmame (0,46±0,02 mmol/L para ALTO vs 0,37±0,02 mmol/L para BAJO, P=0,05), e o intervalo parto-concepção (102±2,6 dias para ALTO e 124±2,7 dias para BAJO, P˂0,05), mas não afetou a produção de leite. O tratamento das vacas afetou o PV ao desmame (201±3,7 vs 188±4,1, P<0,05) e GD ao desmame (0,90±0,02 vs 0,84±0,02, P<0,05) das vacas (F1). Do desmame à puberdade, o GD e o PV de (F1) não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. As variáveis dos bezerros (F2) não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos. As vacas BAJO mobilizaram a reserva corporal, mantiveram a produção de leite e prolongaram o período de concepção ao parto. A restrição nutricional materna teve efeito sobre as variáveis da prole ao desmame e, posteriormente, foram diluídas.
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